 |
Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Releases of Dioxins, Furans and Other Unintentional POPs PART III Annexes |
References
Abrantes, R., De Assuncao, J.V., Pesquero, C.R., Bruns, R.E., Nóbrega, R.P. 2011. Emission of dioxins and furans in gasohol and ethanol-powered vehicles. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 61: 1344–1352.
Allen, A. 2001.Containment landfills: the myth of sustainability. Engineering Geology 60(1–4): 3–19.
Allen, R. 2004. The Dioxin War – Truth and Lies about a perfect poison. Pluto Press London and Ann Arbor.
Alvim-Ferraz, M.C., Alfonso, S.A. 2003. Dioxin Emission Factors for the Incineration of Different Medical Waste Types. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 44: 460–466.
Amendola, G., Barna, D., Blosser, R., LaFleur, L., McBride, A., Thomas, F., Tiernan, T., Whittemore, R. 1989. The occurrence and fate of PCDDs and PCDFs in five bleached kraft pulp and paper mills. Chemosphere 18: 1181-1188.
Aoyama, T., Ikeda, K., Takatori, A., Obal, T. 2003. Risk assessment of dioxins in cigarette smoke. Organohalogen Compounds 60-65.
Archibald, S., Scholes, R. J., Roy, D.P., Roberts, G., Boschetti, L. 2010. Southern African fire regimes as revealed by remote sensing. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19: 861–878.
Aries, E., Anderson, D.E., Fisher, R., Fray, T.A.T., Hemfrey, D. 2006. PCDD/F and “Dioxin-like” PCB emissions from iron ore sintering plants in the UK. Chemosphere 65(9): 1470–1480.
Ba, T., Zheng, M., Zhang, B., Liu, W., Xiao, K., Zhang, L. 2009. Estimation and characterization of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from secondary copper and aluminum metallurgies in China. Chemosphere 75(9): 1173-1178.
BAFU 2010. Polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) in Gewässern der Schweiz.
Ball, H., Päpke, O., Lis, A. 1990. Polychlordibenzodioxine und Polychlordibenzofurane in Cigarettenrauch. Beitr Tabaksforsch Int 14: 393-402.
Ballschmiter, K., Bacher, R. 1996. Dioxine. Verlag Chemie (VCH), Weinheim.
Bao, Z.,Wang, K., Kang, J., Zhao, L. 1994. Analysis of 2, 3, 7, 8- substituted PCDDs and PCDFs in thermolysis waste of HCH. Environmental Chemistry 13: 409-414.
Baldassini, M., Bocciolini, R., Croce, G., Delfini, M., DellUnto, E., Donati, P., Ferrini, M., Lolini, M., Manni, A., Massacci, P., Panzironi, C., Piga, L., Scoppettuolo, A. 2009. PCDD/PCDF pollution from small scale jewellery wastes recovery. Dioxin 2009. Beijing, China.
Balzer, W., Gaus, M., Gaus, C., Urban, U., Weber, R. 2008. PCDD/F emission from Leblanc soda factories in Great Britain, France and Germany during the late 18th to early 20th century. Organohalogen Compounds 70: 809-812.
Balzer, W., Gaus, H.-M., Gaus, C., Weber, R., Schmitt-Biegel, B., Urban, U. 2007. Remediation Measures in a Residential Area Highly Contaminated with PCDD/PCDF, Arsenic and Heavy Metals as a result of Industrial Production in the Early 19th Century. Organohalogen Compd. 69: 857-860
Beal, M., Linak, E. 2011. Chlorine/Sodium Hydroxide. CEH Report, SRI Consulting. http://chemical.ihs.com/CEH/Public/Reports/733.1000/
Beauchemin, P., Tempier, M. 2008. Emissions from wood-fired combustion equipment. Envirochem Service Inc. http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/epd/industrial/pulp_paper_lumber/pdf/emissions_report_08.pdf
Béguier, S. 2004. Information submitted to UNEP Chemicals by CITEPA, Paris, France.
Bejarano, F. 2004. Citizen’s Guide to the Stockholm Convention. International POPs Elimination Network. http://www.ipen.org/ipepweb1/library/citizensguideenglish.pdf
Bijsterbosch, J., et al. 1994. Clean technology in the production of epichlorohydrin. J. Cleaner Prod. 2: 181-184.
BiPRO 2005. Study to facilitate the implementation of certain waste related provisions of the Regulation on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Final Report. ENV.A.2/ETU/2004/0044.
Black, R.R., Meyer, C.P., Touati, A., Gullett, B.K., Fiedler, H., Mueller J.F. 2011a. Emissions of PCDD and PCDF from combustion of forest fuels and sugarcane: A comparison between field measurements and simulations in a laboratory burn facility. Chemosphere 83: 1331-1338.
Black, R.R., Meyer, C.P., Touati, A., Gullett, B.K., Fiedler, H., Mueller, J.F. 2011b. Emission Factors for PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCB from Open Burning of Biomass. Env. Int. 38: 62-66.
Bodenstein, G. 1972. Disposal of wastes from Lindane manufacture. In: E. Uhlmann, Verlag K (eds) Lindane monograph of an insecticide. Schillinger, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, pp 23–77.
Bogdal, C., Schmid, P., Weber, R., Zennegg, M. 2008. Formation of Polchlorinated Naphtalenes in a former Leblance Soda Factory. Organohalogen Compounds 70: 805-808.
Borysiewicz, M. 2008. Pentachlorophenol. Dossier prepared in support of a proposal of pentachlorophenol to be considered as a candidate for inclusion in the Annex I to the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Institute of Environmental Protection, Warsaw.
Brändli, R.C., Kupper, T., Bucheli, T.D., Zennegg, M., Huber, S., Ortelli, D., Müller, J., Schaffner, C., Iozza, S., Schmid, P., Berger, U., Edder, P., Oehme, M., Stadelmann, F.X., Tarradellas, J. 2008. Organic pollutants in compost and digestate. Part 2. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and -furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants, perfluorinated alkyl substances, pesticides, and other compounds. J Environ Monit. 9: 465-472.
Brändli, R., Bucheli, T.D., Kupper, T., Furrer, R., Stadelmann, F.X., Tarradellas, J. 2005. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Source-Separated Compost and Its Feedstock Materials — A Review of Field Studies. J. Environ. Qual. 34: 735–760.
Breivik, K., Sweetman, A., Pacyna, J.M., Jones, K.C. 2007. Towards a global historical emission inventory for selected PCB congeners – A mass balance approach: 3. An update. Science of the Total Environment 377: 296–307.
Breivik, K., et al. 2002. Towards a global historical emission inventory for selected PCB congeners - a mass balance approach 1. Global production and consumption. The Science of the Total Environment 290: 181–198.
BREF 2012. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control. Best Available Techniques Reference Document for Iron and Steel Production. Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU. March 2012. European Commission, JRC-IPTS, European IPPC Bureau.
BREF 2010. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control. Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Cement, Lime and Magnesium Oxide Manufacturing Industries. May 2010. European Commission, JRC-IPTS, European IPPC Bureau.
BREF 2009. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control. Draft Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Non Ferrous Metals Industries. Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU. July 2009. European Commission, JRC-IPTS, European IPPC Bureau.
Bremmer, H.J., Troost, L.M., Kuipers, G., de Konig, J., Sein, A.A. 1994. Emissions of Dioxins in the Netherlands, RIVM/TNO, The Netherlands.
Broker, G., Bruckman, P., Gliwa, H. 1999. Study of dioxin sources in North Rhine-Westphalia. Chemosphere 38: 1913-192.
BUA 1992. Chloranil (2,3,5,6 Tetrachlor-2,5-cyclohexadien-1,4-dion). BUA-Stoffbericht 85 (Februar 1992). Beratergremium für umweltrelevante Altstoffe (BUA) der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (Hrsg.). VCH, Weinheim - New York - Basel – Cambridge.
Buckley-Golder, D., Coleman, P., Davies, M., King, K., Petersen, A., Watterson, J., Woodfield, M., Fiedler, H., Hanberg, A. 1999. Compilation of EU Dioxin Exposure and Health Data. Report produced for European Commission DG Environment and UK Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions (DETR).
Bürgerschaft Hamburg 1985. Bürgerschaft der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg. 11 Wahlperiode. Drucksache 11/3774.
Butzkamm-Erker, R., Mach, R.E. 1990. Neuere Daten über Dioxingehalte in Klärschlamm. Korrespondenz Abwasser 37: 161-163.
California Air Resources Board (CARB) 1999. Determination of emissions from the No. 3 reformer as Tosco Refining Company San Francisco Area Refinery at Avon. Project No. C-96-0396. Engineering and Laboratory Branch, Monitoring and Laboratory Division.
California Air Resources Board (CARB) 1987. Determination of PCDD and PCDF Emissions from Motor Vehicles. California Air Resources Board draft report. Test Report No. C-86-029.
Cardenas, B., Umlauf, G., Maiz, P., Benitez, S., Mariani, G., Skejo, H. 2011. Cooking on Wood Open Fire in Developing Countries: Emission Factors and Indoor Air Pollution with PCDD/F and Dioxin Like PCB. Organohalogen Compd. 73: 827-831.
Carroll Jr., W.F., Berger, T.C., Borrelli, F.E., Garrity, P.J., Jacobs, R.A., Ledvina, J., Lewis, J.W., McCreedy, R.L., Smith, T.P., Tuhovak, D.R., Weston, A.F. 2001. Characterization of Emissions of Dioxins and Furans from Ethylene Dichloride, Vinyl Chloride Monomer and Polyvinyl Chloride Facilities in the United States. Consolidated Report. Chemosphere 43, 689-700.
Carroll Jr., W.F., Borrelli, F.E., Garrity, P.J., Jacobs, R.A., Lewis, J.W., McCreedy, R.L., Tuhovak, D.R., Weston, A.F. 1998. Characterization of Emissions of Dioxins and Furans from Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) Vinyl Chloride (VCM) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Facilities in the United States. I. Resin, Treated Wastewater and Ethylene Dichloride. Chemosphere 37: 1957-1972.
Carroll, W.F., Berger, T.C., Borrelli, F.E., Garrity, P.J., Jacobs, R.A., Lewis, J.W., McCreedy, R.L., Tuhovak, D.R., Weston, A.F. 1996. Characterization of emissions of dioxins and furans from ethylene dichloride (EDC), vinyl chloride (VCM) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) manufacturing facilities in the United States. I. Resin, treated wastewater, and ethylene dichloride. Organohalogen Compd. 27: 62-67.
Carroll, W.F. 1996. Is PVC in House Fires the Great Unknown Source of Dioxin? Fire and Materials 20.
Casanova, J., Muro, R., Eljarrat, E., Caixach, J., Rivera, J. 1994. PCDF and PCDD levels in different types of environmental samples in Spain. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 348: 167- 170.
Chan, J.K.Y., Xing, G.H., Xu, Y., Liang, Y., Chen, L.X., Wu, S.C., Wong, C.K.C., Leung, C.K.M., Wong, M.H. 2007. Body Loadings and Health Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans at an Intensive Electronic Waste Recycling Site in China. Environ. Sci Technol 41: 7668 -7674.
Chang, M.B., Huang, H.C., Tsai, S.S., Chi, K.H., Chang-Chien, G.P. 2006. Evaluation of the emission characteristics of PCDD/Fs from electric arc furnaces. Chemosphere 62(11): 1761-1773.
Chi, K.H., Chang, S.H., Chang, M.B. 2008. Reduction of dioxin-like compound emissions from a Waelz plant with adsorbent injection and a dual baghouse filter system. Environ Sci Technol. 42(6): 2111-2117.
China Chemical Reporter 2004. Market analysis and development projections for chlorobenzene product series. Goliath. http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-608635/Market-analysis-and-development-projections.html
Choong Kwet Yive, N.S., Tiroumalechetty, M. 2008. Dioxin levels in fly ash coming from the combustion of bagasse. Journal of Hazardous Materials 155: 179–182.
Choong Kwet Yive, N.S. 2004. Information submitted to UNEP Chemicals by the University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
Clarke, B., Porter, N., Symons, R., Blackbeard, J., Ades, P., Marriott, P. 2008. Dioxin-like compounds in Australian sewage sludge – Review and national survey. Chemosphere 72: 1215-1228.
Clement, R., Tashiro, C., Surer, S., Reiner, E., Hollinger, D. 1989. Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans (CDFs) in effluents and sludges prom pulp and paper mills. Chemosphere 18: 1189-1197.
CMAI 2011a. Chemical Market Associates Inc. IHS: 2011 World Chlor-Alkali Analysis.
CMAI 2011b. Chemical Market Associates Inc. IHS: 2012 World Vinyls Analysis.
Cochrane, W.P., Singh, J., Miller, W., Wakeford, B., Scott, J. 1981. Analyses of technical and formulated products of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and for the presence of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Journal of Chromatography 217: 289-299.
COCHILCO 2004. Resumen descriptivo de las tecnologías y operación de las fundiciones primarias de concentrados de cobre de Chile. Documento Técnico elaborado por la Comisión Chilena del Cobre en base a la información entregada por las fundiciones chilenas.
CONCAWE 2009. Air pollutant emission estimation methods for E-PRTR reporting by refineries. Report no. 1/09. http://www.concawe.org/DocShareNoFrame/docs/1/EDOPDOPBINDNJFDIPKBJJOEGVEVCBG9Y9YBD73BDCGA3/CEnet/docs/DLS/Rpt_09-1-2009-00893-01-E.pdf
Cooper, D.A. 2005. HCB, PCB, PCDD and PCDF emissions from ships. Atmospheric Environment 39: 4901–4912.
Copper Smelters 2004. Information on processes, raw materials, and recycling of German, Swedish, and Canadian copper manufacturers http://www.na-ag.com/NA_en/rohstoffe_frame.html; http://www.boliden.com; http://www.noranda.com (accessed in December 2004).
Corporación Chilena de la Madera (CORMA) A.G. 2004. Commentarios on Standardized Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases. Information submitted to UNEP Chemicals. March –October –November 2004
Costner, P. 1995. PVC: A Primary Contributor to the U.S. Dioxin Burden. Washington, D.C.
Dai, J., Xu, M., Chen, J., Yang, X., Ke, Z. 2007. PCDD/F, PAH and heavy metals in the sewage sludge from six wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. Chemosphere 66: 353.
De Fre, R., Rymen, T. 1989. PCDD and PCDF formation from hydrocarbon combustion in the presence of hydrogen chloride. Chemosphere 19: 331-336.
De la Torre, A., Alonso, E., Concejero, M., Sanz, P., Martinez, A. 2011. Sources and behaviour of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in Spanish sewage sludge. Waste Management 31: 1277–1284.
Delepine, M., Lopes, M., Fiani, E. DL-PCBs, i-PCBs and PCDD/Fs Emission Factors from 19 Waste Treatment Plants. Dioxin 2011. Brussels, Belgium.
Det Norske Veritas 2012. Independent Assurance Report to the European Council of Vinyl Manufacturers on members compliance in 2011 with the Industry Charters for the Production of EDC/VCM, S-PVC and E-PVC.
Diaz, L., Savage, G., Eggerth, L. 2005. Solid Waste Management. United Nations Environment Programme, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics. Geneva.
Di Domenico, A., Viviano, G., Zapponi, G. 1982. Chlorinated dioxins and related compounds: impacto n the environment. In Hutzinger, O., Frei, R.W., Merian, E., Pochiari, F. (eds.). Environmental persistence of 2,3,7,8-TCDD at Seveso. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
DiGangi, J., Petrlík, J. 2005. The egg report. http://english.arnika.org/ipep/reports/GLOBAL_eggsreport.pdf
Diletti, G., Ceci, R., Scortichini, G., Migliorati, G. 2009. Dioxin levels in livestock and grassland near a large industrial area in Taranto (Italy). Organohalogen Compounds 71: 2359-2363.
Du, B., Li, L.L., Liu, S.F. , Xu P.J., Tian, H.H., Liu, A.M., Zheng, M.H. 2009. Evaluation of PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs emissions from metallurgical processes: A case study for fly ash sample from the EAF facility. Organohalogen Compd. 71:1580-1582.
Duh, J., Li, Y., Wang, H., Ling, Y., Leu, H., Chang, L. 2007. The Assessment of PCDD/Fs Discharge from Wastewater of Incineration plant, Pulp and Paper Mill Factory, and Vinyl Chloride Manufactory in Taiwan. Organohalogen Compounds 69: 2435-2438.
Duo, W. 2008. Biomass Combustion in Pulp and Paper Boilers, FP Innovations. UBC Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group. http://www.biomass.ubc.ca/docs/Duo_07.pdf
Duo, W., Karidio, I., Cross, L., Ericksen, B. 2002. Combustion and emission performance of a hog fuel fluidized-bed boilers with addition of tire-derived fuel. Paprican Research Report PPR 1625.
Duquet, B., Fiani, E. 2006. Dioxin emissions from hot blast cupolas. Organohalogen Compd. 68: 1213-1216.
Dumler-Gradl, R., Thoma, H., Vierle, O. 1995. Research Program on Dioxin/Furan Concentration in Chimney Soot from House Heating Systems in the Bavarian Area. Organohalogen Compd. 24: 115-118.
Dyke, P.H., Amendola, G. 2007. Dioxin Releases form US Chemical Industry Sites Manufacturing or Using Chlorine. Chemosphere 67: 125-134.
Dyke, P.H., Wenborn, M.J., Coleman, P.J., Woodfield, M.J., Rose, C.L. 1997. A Review of Dioxin Releases to Land and Water in the UK. Environment Agency, UK.
Eastern Research Group to Jodi Howard USEPA. April 11, 2011. Baseline Emission Estimates for the Polyvinyl Chloride and Copolymers (PVC) Production Source Category.
Elliott, A., Mahmood, T. 2005. Survey benchmarks generation, management of solid residues. Pulp & Paper 79: 49–55.
Elston, R., Cake, Jr., E., Humphrey, K., Isphording, W., Rensel, J. 2005a. Dioxin and Heavy-metal Contamination of Shellfish and Sediments in St. Louis Bay, Mississippi and Adjacent Marine Waters. Journal of Shellfish Research 24:227-241.
Elston, R., Cake, Jr., E., Humphrey, K., Isphording, W., Rensel, J. 2005b. Addendum to: Dioxin and Heavy-metal Contamination of Shellfish and Sediments in St. Louis Bay, Mississippi and adjacent marine waters. Journal of Shellfish Research 24:1253-1255.
EMEP/EEA 2009. Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-emission-inventory-guidebook-2009
ENDS 1994. World's highest dioxin levels found downstream of Coalite site. ENDS Report 231.
Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911. 11th Edition. http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Alkali_Manufacture
ENEA/AIB/MATT 2003. Valutazione delle emissioni di inquinanti organici persistenti da parte dell’industria metallurgica secondaria. Rapporto finale.
Engwall, M., Hjelm, K. 2000. Uptake of dioxin-like compounds from sewage sludge into various plant species-- assessment of levels using a sensitive bioassay. Chemosphere 40: 1189-1195.
Environment Canada 2002. Dioxin and furan emission factors from wood waste incinerators. Prepared by V. Uloth, T. Whitford, and R. van Heek of Paprican for Environment Canada. Technical Service Contract Report TSC 7704-2
Environment Canada 1999. Dioxins and Furans and Hexachlorobenzene. Inventory of Releases. Prepared by Environment Canada and the Federal/ Provincial Task Force on Dioxins and Furans for the Federal Provincial Advisory Committee for the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA-FPAC).
Erickson, M., Kaley, R. 2011. Applications of polychlorinated biphenyls. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 18: 135-151.
EU IPPCB 2011. Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Production of Chloralkali (Draft 1, December 2011).
EU IPPCB 2003. Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry.
European Commission 2006. COM(2006)232. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/three_en.htm
European Commission 2003. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Mineral Oil and Gas Refineries. February 2003
European Commission 2001. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry. December 2001. http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference/
European Commission 1999a. Releases of Dioxins and Furans to Land and Water in Europe. Final Report by M. Wenborn, K. King, D. Buckley-Golder, and J. Gascon, produced for Landesumweltamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany on behalf of the European Commission DG Environment.
European Commission 1999b. Compilation of EU Dioxin Exposure and Health Data. Report produced for European Commission DG Environment by the UK Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions (DETR).
EU SCAN 2000. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition on the Dioxin Contamination of Feedingstuffs and their Contribution to the Contamination of Food of Animal Origin. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
Fabrellas, B., Ruiz, M.L., Angeles Martinez , M., Rivera, J., Abad, E., Sanz P. 2003. PCDD/PCDF Emissions in Hot-Dip Galvanising Facilities. Evaluation in the Frame of Spanish Dioxin Inventory. Organohalogen Compd. 63: 5-8.
Favaro, G., De Leo, D., Pastore, P., Magno, F., Ballardin, A. 2008. Quantitative determination of chlorophenols in leather by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Journal of Chromatography 1177: 36–42.
Fedorov, L. 1993. Dioxin problem in Russian chemical industry. Chemosphere 27: 477–481.
Ferrario, J., Byrne, C., Schaum, J. 2007. Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in processed ball clay from the United States. Chemosphere 67(9): 1816–1821.
Fiedler, H., Cao, Z., Huang, J., Wang, B., Deng, S., Yu, G. 2012. PCDD/PCDF Inventories 1990 vs. 2012. Organohalogen Compd. 74: 1521-1524.
Fiedler, H. 2011. Open Burning of Biomass and Waste - An Important Source of PCDD/PCDF. Organohalogen Compd. 73: 780-784.
Fiedler, H., Zhang, T., Yu, G., Solorzano Ochoa, G., Marklund, S., Gullett, B.K., Touati, D., Carroll, W. 2009. Emissions of PCDD/PCDF from burning of waste in developing countries. Organohalogen Compd. 71: 2691-2695.
Fiedler, H. 2003. Dioxins and Furans. In: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 3, Part O, Persistent Organic Pollutants, pp 125 201. Springer Verlag, Berlin – Heidelberg 2003.
Fiedler, H., Chareonsong, P., Mayer, J., Hartenstein, H.U. 2002. PCDD/PCDF Emissions from Stationary Sources – First Results from Thailand. Organohalogen Compd. 59: 211-214.
Fiedler H. 2001. Global and Local Disposition of PCB. In: PCBs—Recent Advances in the Environmental Toxicology and Health Effects, pp. 11-15. University Press of Kentucky.
Fiedler, H., Rottler, H., Peichl, L., Knetsch, G., Basler, A. 2000a. Concentrations of PCDD/PCDF in Atmospheric Samples in Germany. Organohalogen Compd. 45: 264-268.
Fiedler, H., Hutzinger, O., Welsch-Pausch, K., Schmiedinger, A. 2000b. Evaluation of the Occurrence of PCDD/PCDF and POPs in Wastes and Their Potential to Enter the Foodchain. Study on behalf of the European Commission, DG Environment http://ec.europa.eu/environment/dioxin/pdf/001_ubt_final.pdf
Fiedler, H. 1998. Quellen, Reservoire und Umweltbelastungen von Böden und Sedimenten (Sources, Reservoirs, and Environmental Concentrations in Soils and Sediments). In M. Oehme (ed.) Handbuch Dioxine. Spektrum Verlag, Heidelberg.
Fiedler, H. 1996. Dioxine in Produkten und Abfällen (Dioxins in Products and Residues). In: Dioxine-Vorkommen, Minderungsmaßnahmen, Meßtechnik. VDI Band 1298, VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf.
Fiedler, H., 1994. Sources of PCDD/PCDF and impacts on the environment. Organohalogen Compounds 20: 229.
François, F., Blondeel, M., Bernaert, P., Baert, R. 2005. Dioxin-like PCB emissions in the Flemish Region (Belgium). Organohalogen Compd. 67: 2140-2143.
The Freedonia Group 2009. World Dyes & Organic Pigments (industry forecasts for 2013 & 2018). www.freedoniagroup.com/World-Dyes-And-Organic-Pigments.html
Font, J., Marsal, A. 1998. Determination of organochlorine pesticides in skins and leather by gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography 811: 256–260.
Forter, M. 2006.Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in chemical landfills of the Basel Chemical Industry. Organohalogen Compd. 68: 886-889.
Forter, M. 2005. Dioxine und Dioxin-ähnliche Substanzen in den Chemiemülldeponien der Basler chemischen Industrie. http://www.greenpeace.org/switzerland/Global/switzerland/de/publication/Toxics/2005_Stu_DioxChemiemuellForter.pdf
Förstner, U., Salomons, W. 2010. Sediment research, management and policy - A decade of JSS. J Soils Sediments 10: 1440–1452.
Fox, M. A., Whitesell, J. 2004. Organic Chemistry. Edition 3. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Barlett Learning.
Fuchs, R., Towara, J., Hutzinger, O., Kurz, J., Klein, P. 1990. PCDD/F in the dry cleaning process. Organohalogen Compounds. 3: 441-445.
Fuentes, M.J., Font, R., Gomez-Rico, M.F., Molto, J. 2007. Multivariant statistical analysis of PCDD/FS in sewage sludges from different areas of the Valencian Community (Spain). Chemosphere 67: 1423–1433.
Ge, J. et al. 2007. Concentrations of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in fish and shrimp in Jiangsu Province, China. Chemosphere 69: 164–9.
German Environmental Agency (UBA) 1985. Sachstand Dioxine 5: 21-24.
Ghaheri, M., Ghaheri, S. 2007. Hazardous Sludge wastes of Petrochemical Industries. Proceedings on Moving Forward Wastewater Biosolids Sustainability: Technical, Managerial, and Public Synergy, New Brunswick, Canada, 24-27 Jun. 2007.
Giglio, L., van der Werf, G.R., Randerson, J.T., Collatz, G.J., Kasibhatla, P. 2006. Global estimation of burned area using MODIS active fire observations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6: 957–974.
Gihr, R., Kloppfer, W., Rippen, G., Partscht, H. 1991. Investigations on Potential Sources of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Sewage Sludges. Chemosphere 23: 1653-1659.
Global Business Intelligence (GBI) 2011. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Global Supply Dynamics to 2020 - China Emerges as the Leader in Global Production. Report Code: GBICH0033MR. January 2011.
Godinho, M., Romeu Marcilio, N., Masotti, L., Brisolara Martins, C., Elias Ritter, D., München Wenzel, B. 2009. Formation of PCDD and PCDF in the thermal treatment of footwear leather wastes. Journal of Hazardous Materials 167: 1100–1105.
Government of Belarus 2010. Development of technological and logistical solution for implementation of collection and utilization PCBs and PCBs filled equipment in the Arctic region in Russian Federation. UNEP/GEF Project Russia Federation – Support to the National Programme of Action for the Protection for the Arctic Marine Environment. Final Report. S-Petersburg. (In Russian)
Government of Belarus 2006. The National Plan of the Republic of Belarus for the implementation of its obligations under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants for the period of 2007-2010 and until 2028. Minsk, Belarus.
Government of Japan 2007. Assessment Committee on BAT Levels for Reduction of a Specified Chemical as a Contaminant By-product: Report on BAT Levels concerning By-product HCB in Other Pigments Derived from TCPA and Phthalocyanine Pigments. April 2007.
Government of Japan 2006. Assessment Committee on BAT Levels for Reduction of a Specified Chemical as a Contaminant By-product: Report on BAT Levels concerning By-product HCB in TCPA and Solvent Red 135. November 2006.
Götz, R., Sokollek, V., Weber, R. 2012. Remediation and legacy of a former lindane and 2,4,5-T production in Hamburg/Germany. 2 Waste deposits and case study of the landfill Georgswerder. Env Sci Pollut Res. DOI 10.1007/s11356-012-0986-x.
Götz, R., Bauer, O.H., Friesel, P., Herrmann, T., Jantzen, E., Kutzke, M., Lauer, R., Paepke, O., Roch, K., Rohweder, U., Schwartz, R., Sievers, S., Stachel, B. 2007. Vertical profile of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs, other PCBs, PAHs, chlorobenzenes, DDX, HCHs, organotin compounds and chlorinated ethers in dated sediment/soil cores from flood-plains of the river Elbe, Germany. Chemosphere 67: 592-603.
Graham, B.W., Bingham, A.G. 2011. New Zealand inventory of dioxin emissions to air, land and water, and reservoir sources: 2011. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand. Ref. ME1038.
Grochowalski, A. 2012. Dioxin and Related Compounds Formation from Copper Catalyst in Coal Firing. CCT-2012, Taiyuan, China.
Grochowalski, A. 2010. Catalytic Dioxin Formation in Coal Power Plants and Fireplaces in Poland; ICPAC-2010, Chemistry for Sustainable Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Reduit.
Grochowalski A., Konieczynski, J. 2008. PCDDs/PCDFs, dl-PCBs and HCB in the flue gas from coal fired CFB boilers. Chemosphere 73: 97–103.
Grochowalski, A., Lassen, C., Holtzer, M., Sadowski, M., Hudyma, T. 2007. Determination of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and HCB emissions from the metallurgical sector in Poland. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 14(5): 326-32.
Grochowalski, A. 1998. PCDDs and PCDFs concentration in combustion gases and bottom ash from incineration of hospital wastes in Poland. Chemosphere 31: 2219-2291.
Grossi, G., Lichtig, J., Krauss, P. 1998. PCDD/F, PCB and PAH content of Brazilian compost. Chemosphere 37: 2153-2160.
Grosso, M., Biganzoli, L., Rigamonti, L., Cernuschi, S., Giugliano, M., Poluzzi, V., Biancolini, V. 2012. Experimental evaluation of PCDD/Fs and PCBs release and mass balance of a WTE Plant. Chemosphere 86: 293–299.
Guerriero, E., Rotatori, M., Bianchini, M., Gigliucci, P.F., Guarnieri, A., Lutri, A., Mosca, S., Rossetti, G., Vardè, M. 2006. PCDD/F profiles of an iron ore sintering plant. Organohalogen Compd. 68: 2248-2251.
Gullett, B., Tabor, D., Touati, A., Kasai, J., Fitz, N. 2012. Emissions from open burning of used agricultural pesticide containers. Journal of Hazardous Materials 221-222: 236-241.
Gullett B., Wyrzykowska,B., Grandesso, E., Touati, A., Tabor, D., Solórzano Ochoa, G. 2010. PCDD/F, PBDD/F, and PBDE Emissions from Open Burning of a Residential Waste Dump. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44: 394–399.
Gullett, B., Touati, A., Oudejans L. 2008. PCDD/F and aromatic emissions from simulated forest and grassland fires. Atmos Envir 1-10
Gullett, B., Linak, W., Touati, A., Wasson, S., Gatica, S., King, C.J. 2007. Characterization of air emissions and residual ash from open burning of electronic wastes during simulated rudimentary recycling operations. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 9(1): 69-79.
Gullett, B., Touati, A., Huwe, J., Hakk, H. 2006. PCDD and PCDF Emissions from Simulated Sugarcane Field Burning. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40: 6228-6238.
Gullett, B., Touati, A. 2003a. PCDD/F emissions from burning of wheat and rice field residues. Atmos. Environment 37: 4893-4899.
Gullett, B., Touati, A. 2003b. PCDD/F emissions from forest fire simulations. Atmos. Environment 37: 803-813.
Gullett, B., Touati, A. 2002. PCDD/PCDF from Agricultural Field Burning. Organohalogen Compd. 56: 135-138.
Gullett, B., Lemieux, P., Lutes,C., Winterrowd, C., Winters, D. 1999. PCDD/F Emissions from Uncontrolled Domestic Waste Burning. Organohalogen Compounds 41: 27-30.
Gullett, B., Ryan J.V. 1997. On-road Sampling of Diesel Engine Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran. Organohalogen Compd. 32: 451-456.
Hagenmaier, H., Krauß, P., Vatter, J., Walczok, M. 1995. Bedeutung der Dioxin-Einträge durch Automobilabgase und Hausfeuerungen. Organohalogen Compd. 22: 49-54.
Hagenmaier, H., She, J., Lindig, C. 1992. Persistence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in contaminated soil at Maulach and Rastatt in southwest Germany. Chemosphere 25: 1449-1456.
Hagenmaier, H., Dawidowsky, N., Weber, U.B., Hutzinger, O., Schwind, K.H., Thoma, H., Essers, U., Bühler, B., Greiner, R. 1990. Emission of Polyhalogenated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans from Combustion Engines. Organohalogen Compd. 2: 329-334.
Hagenmaier H. 1988. Untersuchungen der Gehalte an polychlorierten Dibenzodioxinen, polychlorierten Dibenzofuranen und ausgewählten Chlorkohlenwasserstoffen in Klärschlämmen. Universität Tübingen, Februar 1988. Report prepared for Federal Environment Agency, Germany, Report No. 103 03 305.
Hagenmaier, H. 1986. Determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in commercial chlorophenols and related products. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 325: 603-606.
Hansen, E. 2000. Substance Flow Analysis for Dioxins in Denmark. Environmental project No. 570, Miljoprojekt. Danish Environmental Protection Agency.
Hedman, B., Burvall, J., Nilsson, C., Marklund, S. 2007. PCDD/F in source-sorted waste fractions and emissions from their co-combustion with reed canary-grass. Waste Management 27: 1580–1592.
Hedman B., Näslund M., Marklund, S. 2006. Emission of PCDD/F, PCB, and HCB from Combustion of Firewood and Pellets in Residential Stoves and Boilers. Environmental Science & Technology 40(16): 4968-4975.
Hedman, B., Naslund, M., Nilsson, C., Marklund, S. 2005. Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls from uncontrolled burning of garden and domestic waste (backyard burning). Environ. Sci. Technol. 39: 790-8796.
Hedman, B. 2005. Dioxin Emissions from Small-Scale Combustion of Bio-Fuel and Household Waste. Department of Chemistry, Umea University, Sweden.
Heindl, A., Hutzinger, O., 1986. Search for industrial sources of PCDD/PCDFs: II. Metal Chlorides. Chemosphere 15: 653-658.
Heinisch, E., Kettrup, A., Bergheim, W., Wenzel, S. 2007. Fresenius Environ Bull 16(10): 1248-1273.
Heinisch, E., Kettrup, A., Bergheim, W., Martens, D., Wenzel, S. 2006. Fresenius Environ Bull 15(3): 148-169.
Henriksen, T.C., Illerup, J.B. & Nielsen, O.-K. 2006. Dioxin Air Emission Inventory 1990-2004. National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark. 90 pp. – NERI Technical report no 602.
Heudorf, U., Angerer, J., Drexler, H. 2003. Current internal exposure to pesticides in children and adolescents in Germany: Blood plasma levels of pentachlorophenol (PCP), lindane (gamma-HCH), and dichloro(diphenyl)ethylene (DDE), a biostable metabolite of dichoro(diphenyl)trichloroethane (DDT). Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 206: 485-491.
HMIP 1995. A Review of Dioxin Emissions in the UK. Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Pollution, DOE/HMIP/RR/95/004, UK.
Hiraoka, M., Tanaka, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Miyaji, K., Kawanishi, T., Matumoto, S., Horii, Y., Ihara, H. 1993. Concentrations of PCDD/PCDF in leachates from disposal sites and their removal characteristics during leachate treatment. Organohalogen Compounds 11: 409-412.
Holmes, S.J., Green, N., Lohmann, R., Jones, K.C. 1998. Concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs in soil around a point source. Organohalogen Compounds 39: 257-260.
Holmes, S.J., Jones, K.C., Miller, C.E. 1994. PCDD/PCDF contamination of the environment at Bolsover UK. Organohalogen Compounds 24: 373-377.
Holt, E., Weber, R., Stevenson, G., Gaus, C. 2011. Pentachloronitrobenzene formulation: Need for dioxin inventory consideration. Organohalogen Compounds 73: 2244-2247.
Holt, E., Weber, R., Stevenson, G., Gaus, C. 2010. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) Impurities in Pesticides: A Neglected Source of Contemporary Relevance. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44: 5409–5415.
Hong, J., Xu, X. 2012. Environmental impact assessment of caprolactam production - a case study in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 27: 103-108.
Hoogenboom, L.A.P., Talidda, A., Reeuwijk, N.M., Traag, W.A., Kotz, A., Malisch, R., Moy, G., Tritscher, A., Lee, S.L., Magulova, K., Fiedler, H. 2011. Are elevated dioxin levels in milk of woman from Ivory Coast and Congo due to the use of clay during pregnancy? Organohalogen Compd. 73: 1026-1029.
Horii, Y., Ohtsuka, N., Minomo, K., Nojiri, K., Kannan, K., Lam, P.K., Yamashita, N. 2011. Distribution, characteristics, and worldwide inventory of dioxins in kaolin ball clays. Environ Sci Technol. 45: 7517-7524.
Horstmann, M., McLachlan, M.S. 1995. Results of an initial survey of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) in textiles. Chemosphere 31, 2579-2589.
Horstmann M. 1994. Untersuchungen zu nicht-industriellen Quellen von polychlorierten Dibenzo-p-dioxinen (PCDD) unf polychlorierten Dibenzofuranen (PCDF) in einem kommunalen Entwässerungssystem. University of Bayreuth, Germany, Shaker Verlag, ISBN 3-8265-0233-7.
Huang, J., Yu, G., Deng, S., Wang, B., Wu, C., Yamazaki, N., Weber, R. 2012. Determination of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs as Impurities in Chinese Pentachloronitrobenzene Pesticides. Presented at 32nd International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants – Dioxin 2012, Cairns, Australia, 26-31 August 2012.
Huang, J. et al. 2011. Determination of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in insulating oil samples from stored Chinese electrical capacitors by HRGC/HRMS. Chemosphere 85: 239-46.
Hung, P.C., Chang, S.H., Chang, M.B. 2009. Reduction of dioxin emissions from copper smelting plant for sludge recycling. Organohalogen Compounds 71: 769-774.
Hutzinger, O., Fiedler, H., Lau, C, Rippen, G., Blotenberg, U., Wesp, H., Sievers, S., Friesel, P., Gras, B., Reich, T., Schacht, U., Schwörer, R. 1995. Dioxin-Bilanz für Hamburg. Hamburger Umweltberichte 51/95. Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Umweltbehörde (eds.) ISSN 0179-8510.
Hutzinger, O., Essers, U., Hagenmaier, H. 1992. Untersuchungen zur Emission halogenierter Dibenzodioxine und Dibenzofurane aus Verbrennungsmortoren beim Betrieb mit handelsüblichen Betriebsstoffen. Universities of Bayreuth, Stuttgart and Tübingen, Germany. GSF-Forschungszentrum, Munich, Germany, ISSN 0937-9932.
Hutzinger, O., Fiedler, H. 1991. Formation of dioxins and related compounds in industrial processes. In: Bretthauer, E., Kraus, H., di Dominico, A. (eds.) Dioxin Perspectives: A Pilot Study on International Information Exchange on Dioxins and Related Compounds. New York, N.Y.: Plenum Press.
Hutzinger, O., Fiedler, H. 1988. Formation of Dioxins and Related Compounds in Industrial Processes. Pilot Study on International Information Exchange on Dioxins and Related Compounds. NATO/CCMS Report No. 173
Huwe, J.K., Clark, G., Chu, A., Garry, V. 2003. Calux and high resolution gc/ms analysis of dioxin-like compounds in chlorophenoxy pesticide formulations. Organohalogen Compounds 60:227-230.
Hwang, J.F., Wang, H.C., Chen, W., Chang, M.B. 2006. Emission inventory of PCDD/Fs from electric arc furnaces in Taiwan. Organohalogen Compounds 68: 2252-2255.
ICIS 2010. Polymers: PVC prices rollover in US but rising elsewhere. http://www.icis.com/Articles/2010/08/09/9383019/polymers-pvc-prices-rollover-in-us-but-rising-elsewhere.html
Idczak, F., Petitjean, S., Duchâteau, P., Dengis, P. 2004. Control of PCDDs/PCDFs, PCBs & PAHs Emissions in Exhaust of Landfill Gas Fed Engines. Organohalogen Compd. 66: 846-850.
IFEU 1998. Ermittlung von Emissionen und Minderungsmaßnahmen für persistente organische Schadstoffe in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Ifeu-Institut, Heidelberg. Forschungsvorhaben Nr. 104 02 365. Im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Berlin.
Ikeguchi,T., Tanaka, M. 2000. Dioxins emission from an open-burning-like waste incineration: Small incinerators for household use. Organohalogen Cpds. 46: 298-301.
Ikeguchi , T., Tanaka M. 1999. Experimental Study of Dioxin Emission from Open Burning Simulation of Selected Wastes. Organohalogen Compd. 41: 507-510.
Independent Review Panel 2006. Further Independent Review Orica HCB Waste Stockpile Safe Interim Storage and Destruction Independent Review. Report to the Australian Minister of Planning.
Industry Task Force II on 2,4-D Research Data. 2012. http://www.24d.org/
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) 1989. Environmental Health Criteria 84: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) - Environmental Aspects. http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc84.htm#SectionNumber:2.1
IPCC 2006. Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Eggleston, H.S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T. and K. Tanabe (eds.). IGES, Japan.
Isaksen, M., Jorgensen, T.-E., Langeland, K. 1996. Analysis of PCDDs and PCDFs in Vinyl Chloride Monomer. Organohalogen Compd. 27.
Ishankulov, M. 2008. PCB-contaminated areas in Kazakhstan and analysis of PCB impact on human health experience. The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series 2008, pp 387-403.
Isosaari, P., Kankaanpaa, H., Mattila, J., Kiviranta, H., Verta, M., Salo, S. 2002. Spatial distribution and temporal accumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in the Gulf of Finland. Environ Sci Technol. 36: 2560–2565.
Iwata, M., Ito, T., Koike, K., Yamaguchi, N., Oda, K., Sakai, S. 2008. Development of air emission factors and source inventories of HCB and PCB. Organohalogen Compounds 70: 1932-1935.
Jacobs Consultancy 2002. Water Pollution Prevention Opportunities in Petroleum Refineries. Ecology Publication No.02-07-017. Prepared For The Washington State Department of Ecology. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/0207017.html
Jacoff, F., Scarberry, R., Rosa, D. 1986. Source assessment of hexachlorobenzene from the organic chemical manufacturing industry. in Morris, C.R., Cabral, J.R.P. (Ed.) Hexachlorobenzene: Proceedings of an International Symposium. 31-37. Jain, N. 2011. The Pilgrimage of the Wonder Macromolecule: Phthalocyanine. Res. J. Chem. Sci. 1(4): 1-5.
Jansson, S., Sundqvist, K., Hjelt, M., Liljelind, P., Sjöblom, V., Wiberg, K. 2009. Dioxins in Nordmalingsfjärden and Kallholmsfjärden - Identification of sources of dioxins in sediments along the coast of Västerbotten. Report to the Västerbotten County Administrative Board. Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Jansson, B. 1999. Preem and Scanraff refineries in Sweden. Technical information. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. In European Commission 2003. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Mineral Oil and Gas Refineries. February 2003.
Jin, G.Z., Lee, S.J., Park, H., Lee, J.E., Shin, S.K., Chang, Y.S. 2009. Characteristics and emission factors of PCDD/PCDFs in various industrial wastes in South Korea. Chemosphere 75: 1226–1231.
Jin, G.-Z., Lee, J.-M., Chang, Y.-S., Shin, S.-K. 2007. Emission characteristics of PCDD/Fs in wastes from industrial sources. Organohalogen Compounds 69: 1463-1466.
Jit, S., Dadhwal, M., Kumari, H., Jindal, S., Kaur, J., Lata, P., Niharika, N., Lal, D., Garg, N., Kumar Gupta, S., Sharma, P., Bala, K., Singh, A., Vijgen, J., Weber, R., Lal, R. 2010. Evaluation of hexachlorocyclohexane contamination from the last Lindane production plant operating in India. Env Sci Pollut Res.
Johnson, G.W., Hansen, L.G., Hamilton, M.C., Fowler, B., Hermanson, M.H. 2008. PCB, PCDD and PCDF congener profiles in two types of Aroclor 1254. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 25: 156–163.
Jones, K., Barber, J., Sweetman, A. 2005. Hexachlorobenzene - Sources, environmental fate and risk characterisation. Eurochlor Science Dossier.
Jürgens, H.J., Roth, R. 1989. Case study and proposed decontamination steps of the soil and groundwater beneath a closed herbicide plant in Germany. Chemosphere 18:1163–1169.
Karras, G. 1998. On the Hook for Zero Dioxin. Report No. 98-2. Communities for a Better Environment: San Francisco, CA, 1998.
Kamphues, J., Schulz, A.J., Gude, K., Bruns-Weller, E., Severin, K., Appuhn, H.,Taube, V. 2011. Investigations concerning the use of dioxin exposed grassland along rivers by food producing ruminants with special regard to food safety. Organohalogen Compounds 73: 2040-2041.
Kanetoshi, A., Ogawa, H., Katsura, E., Kaneshima, H. 1988. Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins upon combustion of commercial textile products containing 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether. Journal of Chromatography 442: 289-299.
Kawamoto, K. 2002. New sources of dioxins in industrial processes and their influences on water quality. Organohalogen Compounds 56: 229-232.
Kim, S.C., Hwang, S.R., Kim, K., Lee, J.H., Choi, J.W. 2005. Emission Characteristics of coplanar PCBs in stationary thermal sources. Organohalogen Compounds 67: 2008-2010.
Kim, K.S., Hong, K.H., Ko, Y.H., Yoon, K.D., Kim, M.G. 2003. Emission Characteristics of PCDD/Fs in Diesel Engine with Variable Load Rate. Chemosphere 53: 601-607.
Kim, Y., Lee, D. 2002. Solubility enhancement of PCDD/F in the presence of dissolved humic matter. Journal of Hazardous Materials B91: 113–127.
Kitamura, K., Kikuchi, Y., Watanabe, S., Waechter, G., Sakurai, H., Takada, T. 2000. Health effects of chronic exposure to PCDD, PCDF and coplanar PCB of municipal waste incinerator worker. J Epidem 10(4): 262-270.
Kiselev, A.V., Khudolej, V.V. 1997. Poisoned cities. Greenpeace, Moscow.
Klasmeier, J., McLachlan, M.S. 1997. Dioxine und Furane in Textilien und Leder. Materialien 124, Bayer. Staatsministerium für Landesentwicklung und Umweltfragen (StMLU), München.
Knutzen, J., Oehme, M. 1989. Polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) and dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) levels in organisms and sediments from the Frierfjord, southern Norway. Chemosphere 19: 1897–1909.
Krizanec, B., Le Marechal, A. 2006. Dioxins and dioxin-like persistent organic pollutants in textiles and chemicals in the textile sector. Croatica Chemica Acta 79(2): 177–186.
Križanec, B. et al. 2005. Presence of dioxins in textile dyes and their fate during the dyeing processes. Acta Chimica Slovenica 52: 111-118.
Krum, W. 1982. Lindan- ja, HCH –nein, Lindan-Workshop, Hannover, Germany 1982; K. Schillinger, C.I.E.L.-Redaktion Freiburg i. Br/ Germany.
Kubica, K., Dilara, P., Paradiž, B. 2004- Toxic Emissions from Solid Fuel Combustion in Small Residential Appliances. CEM 2004, Sixth International Conference on Emission Monitoring, Milan, Italy, 9-11 June 2004
Kukharchyk, T., Kakareka, S., Khomich, V., Kurman, P. 2011. PCBs in Soil of Belarus: Regional and Local Aspects. Advances in Environmental Research 6: 539-552.
Kukharchyk, T., Kakareka, S., Khomich, V. 2008. PCB-contaminated sites in Belarus: revealing, levels of pollution, problems of management. Organohalogen Compounds 70 : 801-804.
Kukharchyk, T.I., Kakareka, S.V. 2008. Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Belarus: Inventory and Priorities for Ecologically Sound Management. Environmental Management 88: 1657-1662.
Kumar, V., Majumdar, C., Roy, P. 2008. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals from leather industry effluents on male reproductive system. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 111: 208–216.
La Fond, J.F., Heimrich, J., Cameron, A. 1997. Secondary sludge disposal by burning in recovery boilers. Engineering & Papermakers Conference TAPPI Proceedings. 1357-1364.
LAI 1995. Determination of Requirements to Limit the Emissions of Dioxins and Furans. UBA-Texte 58/95, 151 pp.
Lakshmanan, V.I., Sridhar, R., Hains, D.H. 2004. A novel hydrometallurgical process for very high purity TiO2 production. Proceedings of 17th Industrial Minerals International Congress. Cambrian Printer, Aberystwyth, UK, pp. 92–95.
Laroo, C.A., Schenk, C.R., Sanchez, L.J., McDonald, J. 2011. Emissions of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PAHs from a Modern Diesel Engine Equipped with Catalyzed Emission Control Systems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45: 6420–6428.
Launhardt, T., Hartmann, H., Link, H., Schmid, V. 2000. Verbrennungsversuche mit naturbelassenen biogenen Festbrennstoffen in einer Kleinfeuerungsanlage - Emissionen und Aschequalität. Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Landesentwicklung und Umweltfragen, München.
Lazko, E., Adishchev, E., Khamitov, M. 2011. PVC production profitability. Deloitte & Touche Regional Consulting Services Limited. Global Business Magazine April 2011.
Leavitt, M., Grumbles, B., Grubbs, G.H., Smith, M., Wall, T., Goodwin, J., Johnston, C., Matuszko, J. 2004. Technical Support Document for the 2004 Effluent Guidelines Program Plan. US EPA Office of Water, Engineering and Analysis Division, Office of Science and Technology.
Lee, Y.F., Duh, J.M., Lin, M.F., Duh, C.C., Ling, Y.C. 2009. The dioxin inventory of wastewater discharges in Taiwan. Dioxin 2009, Beijing, China.
Lemieux, P., Gullett, B.K., Lutes, C.C., Winterrowd, C.K., Winters, D.L. 2003. Variables Affecting Emissions of PCDDs/Fs from Uncontrolled Combustion of Household Waste in Barrels. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 53: 523-531.
Leung, A.O.W., Luksemburg ,W.J., Wong, A., Wong, M.H. 2007. Spatial Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Soil and Combusted Residue at Guiyu, an Electronic Waste Recycling Site in Southeast China. Environ Sci Technol 41: 2730-2737.
Lexen, K., de Wit, C., Jansson, B., Kjeller, L-O., Kulp, S.E., Ljung, K., Soderstorm, G., Rappe, C. 1993. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran levels and patterns in samples from different Swedish industries analyzed within the Swedish Dioxin Survey. Chemosphere 27: 163-170
Li, S., Tian, Y., Zhu, Q., Shang, Y., Yao, W., Liu, W. 2009. POPs release in the Dicofol production process. Dioxin 2009. Beijing, China.
Li, H., Yu, L., Sheng, G., Fu, J., Peng, P. 2007. Severe PCDD/F and PBDD/F Pollution in Air around an Electronic Waste Dismantling Area in China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41: 5641-5646
Liem, A.K.D., Hoogerbrugge, R., Kootstra, P.R., van der Velde, E.G., de Jong, A.P.J.M. 1991. Occurrence of dioxins in cow's milk in the vicinity of municipal waste incinerators and a metal reclamation plant in the Netherlands. 23: 1675-1684.
Lin, Y.C., Liu, S.H., Chen, Y.M., Wu, T.Y. 2011. A new alternative paraffinic–palmbiodiesel fuel for reducing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines. Journal of Hazardous Materials 185: 1–7.
Linak, E. et al. 2011. Organic color pigments. Chemical Economics Handbook. SRI Consulting. http://chemical.ihs.com/CEH/Public/Reports/575.7000/
Litten, S., McReynolds, D., Swart, J., Estabrooks, F., Hoover, D., Hamilton, C. 2003. Chlorinated dioxin/furans in New York Harbor water, wastewater, biota, and sediments. Organohalogen Compounds 62: 169-172.
Liu, W., Tao, F., Zhang, W., Li, S., Zheng, M. 2012. Contamination and emission factors of PCDD/Fs, unintentional PCBs, HxCBz, PeCBz and polychlorophenols in chloranil in China. Chemosphere 86: 248-251.
Liu, G., Zheng, M., Liu, W., Wang, C., Zhang, B., Gao, L., Su, G., Xiao, K., Lv, P. 2009. Atmospheric Emission of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, Hexachlorobenzene, and Pentachlorobenzene from the Coking Industry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43(24): 9196–9201.
Liu, W., Zheng, M., Wang, D., Xing, Y., Zhao, X., Ma, X., Qian, Y. 2004. Formation of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs in the process of production of 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Chemosphere 57: 1317-1323.
Livolsi, B., Labrousse, S., Baron, P., Fiani E. 2011. Dioxin emissions from French crematoria and associated health impact assessment. Dioxin2006.
Lönnermark, A., Blomqvist, P. 2006. Emissions from an automobile fire. Chemosphere 62: 1043–1056.
LUA 2000. The European Dioxin Emission Inventory. Stage II. Report was prepared by the North Rhine Westphalia State Environment Agency on behalf of the European Commission, Directorate General for Environment. December 2000.
LUA 1997. Identification of Relevant Industrial Sources of Dioxins and Furans in Europe. Materialien No. 43. Landesumweltamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Essen, Germany.
Lv, P., Zheng, M., Liu, G., Liu, W., Xiao, K. 2011a. Estimation and characterization of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from Chinese iron foundries. Chemosphere 82(5): 759-763.
Lv, P., Zheng, M., Liu, W., Zhang, B., Liu, G., Su, G., Nie, Z. 2011b. Estimation of Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Chinese Hot Dip Galvanizing Industries. Environmental Engineering Science 28(9): 671-676.
Lv, P., Zheng, M.H., Liu, G.R., Liu, W.B. 2010. Characteristics of PCDD/PCDF emission in fly ash from iron foundries. Organohalogen Compd. 72: 369-371.
Malisch, R., Kotz, A., Wahl, K., Tritscher, A., Seoung Yong, L., Magulova, K., Fiedler, H., Hoogenboom, L.A.P., Traag, W.A., Talidda, A., Reeuwijk, N.M. 2011. Contamination of clays with dioxins and possible consequences for the food chain and bioaccumulation in humans. Proceedings of the “1st Clays and Clay Minerals in Africa, and the 2nd Conference on Human and Enzootic Geophagia in Southern Africa, 19-21 October 2011, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Malisch, R. 2000. Increase of the PCDD/F - contamination of milk, butter and meat samples by use of contaminated citrus pulp. Chemosphere 40: 1041-1053.
Malisch, R., Gleadle, A., Wright, C. 1999. PCDD/F in meat samples from domestic farm animals and game. Organohalogen Compounds 43: 265-268.
Malisch, R. 1994. Determination of PCDD/PCDF in PCP-Contaminated Leather Samples. Organohalogen Compounds 19: 73-76.
Mancini, G., Tamma, R., Viotti, P. 2010. Thermal process of fluff: Preliminary tests on a full-scale treatment plant. Waste Management 30: 1670-1682.
Marechal, A., KriŽanec, B., Vajnhandl, S., Valh, J. 2012. Textile Finishing Industry as an Important Source of Organic Pollutants. In Puzyn, T., Mostrag-Szlichtyng, A.(eds.) Organic Pollutants Ten Years After the Stockholm Convention - Environmental and Analytical Update, InTech.
Martínez, M.A., Sanz, P., Ruiz, M.L., Fabrellas, B., Abad, E., Rivera, J. 2008. Evaluation of the Spanish hot dip galvanising sector as a source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. Chemosphere 71(6): 1127-1134.
Martínez, K., Abad, E., Palacios, O., Caixach, J., Rivera, J. 2007. Assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in sludges according to the European environmental policy. Environment International 33: 1040–1047.
Masuda, Y., Kuroki, H., Haraguchi, K., Nagayama, J. 1986. PCDFs and related compounds in humans from Yusho and Yu-Cheng incidents. Chemosphere 15: 1621-1628.
Masunaga, S. 2004. Trend and Sources of Dioxin Pollution in Tokyo Bay, Estimated Based on the Statistical Analyses of Congener Specific Data. China-Japan-Korea symposium on environmental analytical chemistry. 18-21 October 2004, Shanghai, China.
Masunaga, S., Takasuga, T., Nakanishi, J. 2001. Dioxin and dioxin-like PCB impurities in some Japanese agrochemical formulations. Chemosphere 44: 873-885.
Masunaga, S. 1999. Toward a Time Trend Analysis of Dioxin Emissions and Exposure. In Proceedings of the 2nd Interntional Workshop on Risk Evaluation and Management of Chemicals, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 1-10.
Mayer, R. 1997. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in Wool and Wool Products. Organohalogen Compounds 32: 278-282
McGettigan, M., Duffy, P., Hyde, B. 2009. Ireland - Informative Inventory Report 2009. Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland.
Mehrag, A.A., Killham, K. 2003. A Pre-industrial Source of Dioxins and Furans. Nature 421: 909-911.
Menoutis, J., Parisi, A. 2002. Testing for dioxin and furan contamination in Triclosan. Cosmetics & Toiletries 117: 75-78.
Merk, M., Schramm, K.W., Lenoir, D., Henkelmann, B., Kettrup, A. 1995. Determination of the PCDD/F Concentration in the Fumes from a PVC Fire. Organoholgen Compd. 23: 491-494.
Merz, K. 2004. Dioxin and Furan Emissions to Air from Secondary Metallurgical Processes in New Zealand. Volume 1. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand. Ref. ME508.
Meyer, C.P., Muller, J., Symons, R. 2009. Emissions from Bushfires in Australia, Final Report to the Australian Commonwealth Department of Environment, Heritage Water and the Arts. CSIRO Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Australia. http://www.cmar.csiro.au/e-print/open/2009/meyercp_a.pdf
Meyer C., Beer, T., Müller, J. 2004a. National Dioxins Program, Technical Report No.1 - Dioxins Emissions from Bushfires in Australia. Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Heritage.
Meyer, C., Beer, T., Mueller, J., Gillett, R., Weeks, I., Powell, J., Tolhurst, K., McCaw, L., Cook, G., Marney, D., Symons, R. 2004b. Dioxin Emissions from Bushfires in Australia; National Dioxins Program Technical Report No. 1, Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra 2004. http://www.deh.gov.au/industry/chemicals/dioxins/index.html
Meyer-Wulf, C. 1996. Dioxinemissionen bei der Kupfergewinnung und Massnahmen zu ihrer Minderung. In: Dioxine – Vorkommen, Minderungsmassnahmen, Messtechnik. VDI Berichte 1298, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft, VDI Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf.
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan 2002. As reported in Huang et al. (2012).
Mitsui Chemicals 2002. Analytical results of dioxins in herbicide CNP.
Molina, L., Diaz-Ferrero, J., Coll, M., Martí, R., Broto-Puig, F., Comellas, L., Rodríguez-Larena, M.C. 2000. Study of evolution of PCDD/F in sewage sludge-amended soils for land restoration purposes. Chemosphere 40: 1173-1178.
Monte, M., Fuente, E., Blanco, A., Negro, C. 2009. Waste management from pulp and paper production in the European Union. Waste Management 29: 293–308.
Nakano, T., Matsumura, C., Tsurukawa, M., Moriguchi, Y., 2007. Detection of poly halogenated biphenyls in the FeCl3 manufacturing process. Organohalogen Compounds 69: 2777-2780.
Nakao, T., Aozasa, O., Ohta, S., Miyata, H. 2005. Formation of toxic chemicals including dioxin related compounds by combustion from a small home waste incinerator. Chemosphere 62(3): 459–468.
Nakashima, T., Takamatsu, J., Inoue, M., Matsuike, T., Koyama, T., Matsuo, T. 2007. Remediation Project Report of Dioxins Contaminated Soil in Nose Town, Osaka Japan. Organohalogen Compd. 69: 869-872.
Napier, C. 1998. PCDD and PCDF Emission Inventory, Prevention and Control Technologies in the Iron and Steel Sector. Environment Canada (Napier C.E. and Co, CC Doiron Associates).
National Council (of the Paper Industry) for Air and Steam Improvement, Inc. NCASI. 1998.
NATO/CCMS 1992. Dioxin Perspectives – A Pilot Study on International Information Exchange on Dioxins and Related Compounds. Edited by E.W. Bretthauer, H.W. Kraus, and A. di Domenico; coordinating editors: F.W. Kutz, D.P. Bottimore, O. Hutzinger, H. Fiedler, and A.E. Radwan. NATO/CCCMS Volume 16.
NATO/CCMS 1988. International Toxicity Equivalency Factor (I-TEF) Method of Risk Assess¬ment for Complex Mixtures of Dioxins and Related Compounds. Pilot Study on International Information Exchange on Dioxins and Related Compounds. Report Number 176. North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Committee on Challenges of Modern Society.
New Zealand Ministry for the Environment. 2011. New Zealand Inventory of Dioxin Emissions to Air, Land and Water, and Reservoir Sources: 2011. Wellington.
New Zealand 2000. New Zealand Inventory of Dioxin Emissions to Air, Land and Water, and Reservoir Sources. S.J. Buckland, H.K. Ellis, and P.H. Dyke. Organochlorines Programme, Ministry for the Environment, Wellington.
Nexant 2009. PERP Program – Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) – Ethylene Dichloride (EDC). http://www.chemsystems.com/
Ng, Q., Chan, A.H., Ma, S.W. 2008. A study of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the livestock waste compost of Hong Kong, PR China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57: 381–391.
Ni, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Q., Chen, J., Wu, Y., Liang X. 2005. Distribution patterns of PCDD/PCDFs in chlorinated chemicals. Chemosphere 60: 779–784.
Nie, Z., Zheng, M., Liu, W., Zhang, B., Wang, C., Liu, G., Lv, P., Xiao, K. 2010. Emission of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs from pidgeon process of magnesium smelting. Organohalogen Compd. 72: 334-337.
Nielsen, M., Illerup, J. B. 2003. Emissionsfaktorer og emissionsopgørelse for decentral kraftvarme, Eltra PSO project 3141 ”Kortlægning af emissioner fra decentrale kraftvarmeværker.” National Environmental Research Institute, NERI technical report no. 442.
Nijkerk, A.A., Dalmijn W.J. 2001. Handbook of Recycling Techniques. Chapter 11 Shredders. Nijkerk Consultancy, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Nishikawa, E., Ohkata, M., Miki, K., Satou, J. 1999. Dioxins in landfill leachate and their treatment. Proceedings 7th International waste management and landfill symposium, Sardinia, pp. 411- 418.
Nordsieck, H., Peche, R., Buekens, A. 2001. Modelling PCDD/PCDF Formation in the Effluent Gas of a Sinter Plant. Organohalogen Compd. 50: 323-327.
Oberg, T. 2004. Halogenated aromatics from steel production: results of a pilot-scale investigation. Chemosphere 56(5): 441-448.
Obernberger, I., Brunner, T., Bärnthaler, G. 2006. Chemical properties of solid biofuels—significance and impact. Biomass and Bioenergy 30: 973–982.
Oehme, M., Larssen, S., Brevik, E.M. 1991. Emission Factors of PCDD and PCDF for Road Vehicles Obtained by Tunnel Experiment. Chemosphere 23: 1699–1707.
Oehme M., Mano, S., Bjerke, B. 1989. Formation of PCDF and PCDD by Production Processes for Magnesium and Refined Nickel. Chemosphere 18: 1379-1389.
OSPAR Commission 2009. Overview of Implementation Reports on the OSPAR Recommendation 2006/1 on the Implementation and Effectiveness of OSPAR Measures Relating to the Vinyl Chloride Industry.
Ota, S., Aizawa, H., Nagasaka, Y., Seki, S., Makiya, K., Sakai, S. 2005. Emission Inventry of HCB and PCB in Japan. Organohalogen Compounds 67: 1070-1074.
Otto, W., Schönberger, H., Burger, D., Weber, R. 2006. Case study on remediation of a German city contaminated by a chloralkali plant and PCP production. Organohalogen Compd. 68: 880-885.
Ozgunay, H., Colak, S., Mutlu, M., Akyuz, F. 2007. Characterization of Leather Industry Wastes. Polish J. of Environ. Stud. 16: 867-873.
Pandelova, M.E., Lenoir, D., Kettrup, A., Schramm, K.W. 2005. Primary measures for reduction of PCDD/F in Co-combustion of lignite coal and waste: effect of various inhibitors. Environ Sci Technol. 39(9): 3345-50.
Pitea, D., Bortolami, M., Collina, E., Cortili, G., Franzoni, F., Lasagni, M., Piccinelli, E. 2008. Prevention of PCDD/F Formation and Minimization of Their Emission at the Stack of a Secondary Aluminum Casting Plant. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42(19): 7476–7481.
Plastics Europe 2006. Vinyl Chloride Ecoprofile. http://www.plasticseurope.org/plastics-sustainability/eco-profiles/browse-by-flowchart.aspx?LCAID=r42.
Pless-Mulloli, T., Edwards, R., Päpke, O., Schilling, B. 2001. Executive summary PCDD/PCDF and heavy metals in soil and egg samples from Newcastle allotments: Assessment of the role of ash from the Byker incinerator. http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/files/pdfs/migrated/MultimediaFiles/Live/FullReport/3189.pdf
The People’s Republic of China 2007. National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.
Pignatello, J.J., Huang, L.Q. 1993. Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran contaminants in 2,4,5-T by photoassisted iron-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide. Water research 27(12): 1731-1736.
Prange, J., Gaus, C., Weber, R., Papke, O., Muller, J. 2003. Are forest fires a source of PCDD/Fs in Queensland, Australia? Organohalogen Cpds. 63: 130-133.
Pujadas, E., Diaz-Ferrero, J., Marti, R., Broto-Puig, F., Comellas, L., Roriguez-Larena, M. 2001. Application of the new C18 speedisksTM to the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in water and effluent samples. Chemosphere 43: 449-454.
Rappe C., Kjeller, L.-O., Kulp, S.-E., de Wit, C., Hasselsten, I., Palm, O. 1991. Levels, Profile and Pattern of PCDDs and PCDFs in Samples Related to the Production and Use of Chlorine. Chemosphere 23: 1629-1636
Republic of Moldova 2004. National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic Moldova. Chisinau.
Rideout, K., Teschke, K. 2004. Potential for Increased Human Foodborne Exposure to PCDD/F When Recycling Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Land. Environ Health Perspect. 112: 959–969.
Robin des Bois 2011. 2,750 Contaminated Sites in the Arctic. Intersol Lyon. http://www.intersol.fr/pdf2011/Miriam_Potter-Robin_des_Bois_Intersol_2011.pdf
Roots O. 2001. Persistent Organic Pollutants Control in Estonia. http://preprint.chemweb.com/envchem/0107003
Rossberg, M. et al. 2006. “Chlorinated Hydrocarbons” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley, Weinheim.
Rotard, W., Christmann, W., Knoth, W. 1990. Paper sludge deposits highly contaminated with PCDD/PCDF. Organohalogen Compounds 4: 375-380.
Ruder, A., Yinn, J. 2011. Mortality of US pentachlorophenol production workers through 2005. Chemosphere 83: 851-861.
Russell-Smith, J., Whitehead , P., Cooke, P. 2009a. Culture, Ecology and Economy of Fire Management in North Australian Savanna. Rekindling the Wurrk Tradition. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.
Russell-Smith, J., Murphy, B. P., Meyer, C. P., Cook, G. D., Maier, S., Edwards, A. C., Schatz, J., Brocklehurst , P. 2009b. Improving estimates of savanna burning emissions for greenhouse accounting in northern Australia: limitations, challenges, applications. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18(1): 1-18.
RTI International 2011. Emission Estimation Protocol for Petroleum Refineries. Version 2.1.1 Final ICR Version – Corrected. Submitted to: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sakai, S., Hayamizu, T., Ito, T., Yamamoto, G., Yamaguchi, N., Oda, K. 2009. Source inventories of HCB and PCB and uncertainty of their air emission factors. Organohalogen Compd. 71: 1070-1075.
Sakai, M., Seike, N., Kobayashi, J., Kajihara, H., Takahashi, Y. 2008. Mass balance and long-term fate of PCDD/Fs in a lagoon sediment and paddy soil, Niigata, Japan. Environ Pollut. 156(3): 760-768.
Santl, H., Bichlmaier, A., Gruber,L., Stöhrer, E. 1994. Mass Balance of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) in a Recycling Paper Mill. Chemosphere 29: 1633-1639.
Sanz, P., Concejero, M., de la Torre, A., Navarro, I., Martinez, M., Martinez, K., Rivera-Austrui, J., Llerena, J., Abad, E., Rivera, J. 2010. PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, HCB AND PAHs emissions in secondary aluminum casting plants: evaluation in the frame of the Spanish dioxin inventory. Organohalogen Compd. 72: 510-513.
SCEP 1994. Determination of Requirements to Limit Emissions of Dioxins and Furans. Report of the Working Group of the Subcommittee Air/Technology of the State Committee for Emission Protection (SCEP). Germany.
Schecter, A., Michalek, J., May, J., Päpke, O. 1998. Dioxin and Dibenzofuran Congeners in 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-TrichIorophenoxyacetic acid, and Agent Orange. Organohalogen Compounds 36: 285-288.
Schecter, A. (Ed.) 1994. Dioxins and Health. Plenum Press, New York.
Schecter, A., Päpke, O., Lis, A., Ball, M. 1993. Chlorinated Dioxin and Dibenzofuran Content in 2,4-D Amine Salt from Ufa, Russia. Organohalogen Compounds 11: 325-328.
Schleicher, O., Bavel, B., Schilling, B., Bröker, G., Woppowa, L. 2009. Dl-PCB emission from shredder plant processing mixed scrap measured according to EN 1948-4. Organohalogen Compd. 71: 2149-2152.
Schleicher, O., Jensen, A.A., Herrmann, T., Roots, O., Tordik, A. 2004a. Dioxin Emission from Two Oil Shale Fired Power Plants in Estonia. Organohalogen Compd. 66: 1635-1641.
Schleicher, O., Jensen, A.A., Roots, O., Herrmann, T, Tordik, A. 2004b. Dioxin and PAH Emissions from a Shale Oil Processing Plant in Estonia. Organohalogen Compd. 66: 1642-1648.
Schleicher, O., Jensen, A., Blinksbjerg, P., Thomsen, E., Schilling, B. 2002. Dioxin emissions from biomass fired energy plants and other sources in Denmark. Organohalogen Compounds 56: 147-150.
Schmid, P., Gujer, E., Zennegg, M., Studer, C. 2003. Temporal and local trends of PCDD/F levels in cow’s milk in Switzerland. Chemosphere 53: 129-136.
Schramm, K., Wu, W., Henkelmann, B., Merk, M., Xu, Y., Zhang, Y., Kettrup, A. 1995. Influence of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate LAS as organic cosolvent on leaching behavior of PCDD/Fs from fly ash and soil. Chemosphere 31: 3445- 3453.
Schuler, F., Schmid, P., Schlatter, C. 1997. The transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from soil into eggs of foraging chicken. Chemosphere 34: 711–8.
Schulz, A.J., Wiesmueller, T., Apphuhn, H., Stehr, D., Severin, K., Landmann, D., Kamphues, J. 2005 Dioxin concentration in milk and tissues of cows and sheep related to feed and soil contamination. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 89(3-6): 72-78.
Schwenninger, M. 1996. Entwicklung eines neuen Gewässerschutzkonzeptes am Fallbeispiel HCB für den Hoch- und Oberrhein. Master Thesis, Technical University Berlin.
Schwind, K.H., Thoma, H., Hutzinger, O., Dawidowsky, N, Weberuss, U., Hagenmaier, H., Buehler, U., Greiner, R., Essers, U., Bessey E. 1991. Emission halogenierter Dibenzodioxine (PXDD) und Dibenzofurane (PXDF) aus Verbrennungsmotoren. UWSF-Z. Umweltchem. Ökotox. 3: 291-298.
Sedlak, D., Dumler-Gradl, R., Thoma, H., Vierle, O. 1998. Polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the exhaust air during textile processings. Chemosphere 37: 2071-2076.
Seike, N., Otani, T., Ueji, M., Takasuga, T., Tsuzuki, N. 2003. Journal of Environmental Chemistry 13: 117-131.
Seys, S. 1997. Dioxins and Furans in the Chemical Industry. Proceedings of the Subregional Awareness Raising. Workshop on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 1-4 July 1997. http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/pops_inc/proceedings/stpetbrg/seys.htm
Sievers, S., Friesel, P. 1989. Soil contamination patterns of chlorinated organic compounds: looking for the source. Chemosphere 19: 691-698.
Sinkkonen, S., Kamarainen, N., Paasivirta, J., Lammi, R. 1997. PCDDs, PCDFs, PCDTs, PCBs and some other organochlorine compounds in pine needles exposed to pulp and paper mill emissions and effects of waste combustion on the concentrations. Chemosphere 35: 2193-2202.
She, J., Hagenmaier, H. 1994. PCDDs and PCDFs with Chloralkali Pattern in Soil and Sludge Samples. Organohalogen Compd. 20: 261-166.
Shibata, E., Yamamoto, S., Kasai, E., Nakamura, T. 2003. Formation behavior of PCDD/Fs in PVC pyrolysis with copper oxide. Chemosphere 50(9): 1235-1242.
SINTEF 2006. Formation and Release of POPs in the Cement Industry. Second edition. World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Cement Sustainability Initiative.
Smit, A., Leuweink, T.H.P., van der Panne, A.L.J., Gebert, W., Lanzerstorfer, H., Riepl, H., Hofstadler, K. 1999. Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from Hoogovens Sinter Plant with the AIRFINE System. Organohalogen Compd. 40: 441-444.
Solorzano Ochoa, G., de la Rosa, D.A., Maiz Larralde, P., Gullett, B., Tabor, D.G., Touati, A., Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, B., Fiedler, H., Abel, T., Carroll, W.F. 2012. Open Burning of Household Waste: Effect of Experimental Condition on Combustion Quality and Emission of PCDD, PCDF and PCB. Chemosphere 87(9): 1003-1008.
SRI Consulting 2011. Caprolactam. WP report. http://chemical.ihs.com/WP/Public/Reports/caprolactam/
Statistics Norway 2011. The Norwegian Emission Inventory 2011 - Documentation of methodologies for estimating emissions of greenhouse gases and long-range transboundary air pollutants. Document 21/2011. Oslo–Kongsvinger.
Stellmann, M.J., Stellmann, S.D., Christian, R., Weber, T., Tomasallo, C. 2003. The extent and patterns of usage of Agent Orange and other herbicides in Vietnam. Nature 422: 681-687.
Stringer, R., Johnston, P. 2001. Chlorine and the Environment – An overview on the chlorine industry. Kluwer Academic Publisher. Dordrecht/Boston/London.
Stringer, R., Costner, P., Johnston, P. 1995. PVC Manufacture as a Source of PCDD/Fs. Organohalogen Compounds 24: 119-123.
Suzuki, J.-I., Nagao, Y. 2005. HNMR study of 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-4’-nitrophenyl ether and related compounds. Bull. Fac. Sci. Tech. Hirosaki Univ. 8: 11-15.
Swedish Environmental Ministry 2010. http://www3.ivl.se/miljo/db/IVL_screening_registersida.htm
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2005. Survey of sources of unintentionally produced substances. Report for the Swedish Government.
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2002. Methods for inventories of contaminated sites. http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Documents/publikationer/620-5053-2.pdf
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 1994. Sample reports #610s09 and 0610s017: PVC suspension/PVC plastic and PVC suspension used to make PVC.
Takasuga, T., Nakano, T., Shibata, Y. 2012. Unintentional POPs (PCBs, PCBz, PCNs) Contamination in Articles Containing Chlorinated Paraffins and Related Impacted Chlorinated Paraffin Products. Organohalogen Compounds 74: 1437-1440.
Takasuga, T., Takemori, H., Yamamoto, T., Higashino, K., Sasaki, Y., Weber, R. 2009. The fingerprint of chlorinated aromatic compounds in contaminated sites from chloralkali process and a historic chlorine production using GC-HR-TOF-MS screening. Organohalogen Compounds 71: 2239-2244.
Takasuga, T., Kumar, K.S., Noma, Y., Sakai, S. 2005. Chemical Characterization of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, -Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, and -Dibenzofurans in Technical Kanechlor PCB Formulations in Japan. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 49: 385–395.
Takeda, N. 2007. Restauration project of Teshima Island stained by illegal dumping. Organohalogen Compounds 69: 873-876.
Takeuchi, M., Hatanaka, T., Tsuchiya, K., Ukisu, Y., Kitajima, A., Uchida, H. 2009. Reduction of POPs emission from aluminum alloy smelting plants by using fabric filter. Organohalogen Compd. 71: 1637-1641.
Tatsi, A.A., Zouboulis, A.I. 2002. A field investigation of the quantity and quality of leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill in a Mediterranean climate (Thessaloniki, Greece). Advances in Environmental Research 6: 207-219.
Tawara, K., Nishijo, M., Nakagawa, H., Kido, T., Naganuma, R., Suzuki, H., Hung, T.M., Thom, L.T.H., Dung, P.T., Nhu, D. 2006. Areal differences of concentration levels of PCDD and PCDF in human breast milk from Vietnam and Japan. Organohalogen Compounds 68: 1655-1658.
Theisen, J., Maulshagen, A., Fuchs, J. 1993. Organic and inorganic substances in the copper slag “Kieselrot”. Chemosphere 26: 881-896.
Tondeur, Y. et al. 2010. Analytical procedures for the determination of polychlorinated-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and hexachlorobenzene in pentachlorophenol. Chemosphere 80: 157–164.
Torres, J.P.M., Leite, C., Krauss, T., Weber, R. 2012. Landfill mining from a deposit of the chlorine/organochlorine industry as source of dioxin contamination of animal feed and assessment of the responsible processes. Env Sci Pollut Res. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1073-z
Torres, J.P.M., Leite, C., Krauss, T., Weber, R. 2008. A contaminated site from the chlorine industry as source of PCDD/F contamination of citrus pulp pellets used as animal feed in Europe during the late 1990’s. Organohalogen Compounds 70: 793-796.
Towara, J., Hiller, B., Hutzinger, O., Kurz, J., Klein P. 1992. PCDD/F in distillation residues from dry cleaners. Chemosphere. 25(7-10): 1509-1516.
Treger, Y.A. 2004. Data on production of HCH in the former USSR. FSUE Research Institute “Sintez”, Moscow, 12 October 2004.
Treue, W. 1967. Die Entwicklung der chemischen Industrie von 1770 bis 1870. Chemie Ing. Techn. 39(17): 1002-1008.
Tue, N.M., Suzuki, G., Takahashi, S., Isobe, T., Trang, P., Viet, P., Tanabe, S. 2010. Dioxin-related compounds in house dust from Vietnamese e-waste recycling sites: comparison of in-vitro bioassay and chemical analysis derived toxic equivalents. Organohalogen Compd. 72: 914-917.
Ubaque, C.A., Hässig, A.G., Mendoza, C.A. 2010. Stack emissions tests in a brick manufacturing Hoffmann kiln: firing of municipal solid waste. Waste Manag Res. 28(7): 596-608.
UBAVIE 2000. State of the Art in the Production of Secondary Aluminum with Regard to the IPPC-Directive. Zusammenfassung Monographien, Band 120, Umweltbundesamt Wien, Austria.
Uloth, V., van Heek, R. 2002. Dioxin and Furan Emission Factors for Combustion Operations in Pulp Mills. Paprican. Prepared for Environment Canada, November 5, 2002.
Umlauf, G., Mariani, G., Bouwman, H., Cárdenas González, B., Costner, P., Fiedler, H., Ortunoño, T., Grochowalski, A., Mirikau, C, Thanner, G. 2011. PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and Hexachlorobenzene in soil, bottom ash and products from brick making sites in Developing Countries - Results from a survey in Kenya, Mexico, and South Africa . A contribution to the Standardized Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases in support to the Stockholm on POPs. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy.
Umlauf, G., Horstmann, M., Klein, P., Kurz, P. 1993. Mass Balance of PCDD/F in a Dry Cleaning Machine. Organohalogen Compounds 11: 413.
UNEP 2011a. Near-term Climate Protection and Clean Air Benefits: Actions for Controlling Short-Lived Climate Forcers. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
UNEP 2011b. Newsletter and Technical Publication – Municipal Solid Waste Management. Information accessed in September 2004 at http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/estdir/pub/msw/sp/sp5/sp5_4.asp
UNEP 2010a. Hazardous Chemicals from Open Burning of Waste in Developing Countries. Report prepared by G. Solórzano Ochoa, G. Yu, T. Zhang, S. Marklund, L. Lundin, and H. Fiedler for IOMC, Geneva, Switzerland.
UNEP 2010b. Determination of Emission Factors for Unintentional POPs from Open Burning of Biomass. Report prepared by C.P. Meyer, B. Gullett, J Müller, A. Touati, R. Black and H. Fiedler for the Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNEP, OCHA, and EU Commission 2010. A Joint United Nations – European Commission Environmental Emergency Response Mission: Technical Scoping Mission Kalush Area, Ukraine. http://ochanet.unocha.org/p/Documents/UN-EC%20Technical%20Scoping%20Mission%20-%20Kalush%20%2816Apr10%29.pdf
UNEP Stockholm Convention Secretariat. 2007. Guidelines on Best Available Techniques and Provisional Guidance on Best Environmental Practices. Relevant to Article 5 and Annex c of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNEP 2005. Standardized Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNEP 2001. Thailand Dioxin Sampling and Analysis Program. UNEP Chemicals, Geneva. http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/newlayout/repdocs.html
Universität Bayreuth, Tritschler & Partner GmbH 1995. Dioxin-Bilanz für Hamburg, Abschlussbericht, Kapitel 3. http://www.hamburg.de/contentblob/112354/data/dioxinbilanz.pdf
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 2012a. TRI Explorer. http://www.epa.gov/triexplorer/.
USEPA 2012b. US Environmental Protection Agency: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air.
USEPA 2010a. 2008 Science Advisory Panel Meeting Follow Up: Assessment of the Bioaccumulation and Long-Range Transport Potential (LRTP) and of Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and Associated Ecological Risks. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA 2010b. TRI, Global TiO2 Pigment Producers Cost & Profitability Study 2011 – A Study of 2010 Costs by TZ Minerals International PTY, Ltd.
USEPA 2006a. An Inventory of Sources and Environmental Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the United States for the Years 1987, 1995, and 2000. Report No. EPA/600/P-03/002F. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA 2006b. The inventory of sources and environmental releases of dioxin-like compounds in the United States: the year 2000 update. Draft report EPA/600/p-03/002A. Research Triangle Park NC: US Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/ncea/pdfs/dioxin/2k-update/
USEPA 2006c.Technical Support Document for the 2006 Effluent Guidelines Program Plan. EPA-821R-06-018. Washington, DC.
USEPA 2005a. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Final Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Hazardous Waste Combustors (Phase I Final Replacement Standards and Phase II) Final Rule.
USEPA 2005b. Source Data for Hazardous Waste Combustors http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/tsd/td/combust/finalmact/source.htm#ind.
USEPA 2004. Technical support document for the 2004 effluent guidelines program plan. United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water, United States. Washington, DC.
USEPA 2001. Final Titanium Dioxide Listing Background Document for the Inorganic Chemical Listing Determination. Washington, DC. http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastetypes/wasteid/inorchem/pdfs/tio2-bd.pdf
USEPA 2000a. Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program, 2000. TRI Data Release. http://www.epa.gov/tri/tridata/tri00/index.htm
USEPA 2000b. Exposure and Human Health Reassessment of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin (TCDD) and Related Compounds. Part I: Estimating Exposure to Dioxin-Like Compounds – Volume 2: Sources of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the United States. EPA/600/P-00/001Bb, Washington, D.C., USA
USEPA 1998a. The Inventory of Sources of Dioxin in the United States – Review Draft. EPA/600/P-98/002Aa. Washington, D.C., USA.
USEPA 1998b. EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project: Profile of the Metal Casting Industry. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
USEPA 1997a. Sector Notebook Project Textile Industry. EPN3 10-R-97-009, EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project.
USEPA 1997b. Evaluation of Emissions from the Open Burning of Household Waste in Barrels - EPA/600/P-97/134a, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
USEPA 1995. Technical Background Document Supporting the Supplemental Proposed Rule Applying Phase IV Land Disposal Restrictions to Newly Identified Mineral Processing Wastes. Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C., USA.
U.S. Geological Survey 2008. Titanium and Titanium Dioxide. U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2002. ATSDR, Toxicological Profile for Hexachlorobenzene.
van Caneghem, J., Block, C., Van Brecht, A., Wauters, G., Vandecasteele, C. 2010. Mass balance for POPs in hazardous and municipal solid waste incinerators. Chemosphere 78: 701–708.
van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L., Denison, M., De Vito, M., Farland, W., Feeley, M., Fiedler, H., Hakansson, H., Hanberg, A., Haws, L., Rose, M., Safe, S., Schrenk, D., Tohyama, C., Tritscher, A., Tuomisto, J., Tysklind, M., Walker, N., Peterson, R.E. 2006. The 2005 World Health Organization Reevaluation of Human and Mammalian Toxic Equivalency Factors for Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds. Toxicological Sciences 93: 223–241.
van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L., Bosveld, A.T.C., Brunström, B., Cook, P., Feeley, M., Giesy, J.P., Hanberg, A., Hasegawa, R., Kennedy, S.W., Kubiak, T., Larsen, J.C., Van Leeuwen, R., Liem, A.K.D., Nolt, C., Petersen, R.E., Poellinger,L., Safe, S., Schrenk, D., Tillitt, D., Tysklind, M., Younes, M., Wærn, F., Zacharewski, T. 1998. Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for Humans and Wildlife. Environ. Health Perspect. 106: 775 792.
van der Zande, A. 2010. Exploration of management options for Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Paper for the 8th meeting of the UNECE CLRTAP Task Force on Persistent Organic Pollutants. http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/lrtap/TaskForce/popsxg/2010/Exploration%20of%20management%20options%20for%20PCP,%20draft%20document%20..pdf
van der Werf, G.R., Randerson, J.T, Giglio, L., Collatz, G.J., Kasibhatla, P.S. 2006. Interannual variability in global biomass burning emission from 1997 to 2004. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6: 3423-3441.
van der Weiden, M., van der Kolk, J. 2000. Chlorinated micropollutants: Literature search on emissions. Backgrounds to the priority setting for the main research phase. Final draft presented for OVOC meeting 21 November 2000. TNO. STB-00-35.
van Hattum, B., Senhorst, H., Tukker, A., Lamoree, M., Sanderson, T., de Koning, A. 2004. Evaluation of current emissions of chlorinated microcontaminants from the Dutch chlorine chain. Final technical report of the Chlorine Chain Follow-up Research Programme on Chlorinated Organic Microcontaminants (OVOC). IVM, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.
van Heiningen, A.R.P., Blackwell, B. 1995. Chemical Recovery Conference emphasizes high solids firing and mill system closure. Tappi 78(8): 200-203.
Verta, M., Kiviranta, H., Salo, S., Malve, O., Korhonen, M., Verkasalo, P.K., Ruokojärvi, P., Rossi, E., Hanski, A., Päätalo, K., Vartiainen, T. 2009. A decision framework for possible remediation of contaminated sediments in the River Kymijoki, Finland. Environ Sci Pollut Res 16(1): 95-105.
VGB/EURELECTRIC 2008. European Wide Sector Specific Calculation Method for Reporting to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register. VGB European Working Group “EPRTR”. Brussels, Belgium.
Vijgen, J., Abhilash, P.C., Li, Y.-F., Lal, R., Forter, M., Torres, J., Singh, N., Yunus, M., Tian, C., Schäffer, A., Weber, R. 2011. HCH as new Stockholm Convention POPs – a global perspective on the management of Lindane and its waste isomers. Env Sci Pollut Res. 18: 152-162.
Vijgen, J. 2006a. The legacy of lindane HCH isomer production. Main report. IHPA, Holte, January 2006 http://ew.eea.europa.eu/ Agriculture/Agreports/obsolete_pesticides/lin dane_production. pdf
Vijgen, J. 2006b. The legacy of Lindane HCH isomer production. Annexes. IHPA, Holte, January 2006 http://ew.eea.europa.eu/ Agriculture/Agreports/obsolete_pesticides/lin dane_annexes.pdf
Vikelsoe, J., Johansen, E. 2000. Estimation of Dioxin Emissions from Fires in Chemicals. Chemosphere 40: 165-175.
Vinyl Chloride Producers 2011. The Vinyl Chloride Producers Report to EPA on Voluntary Alternative Dioxin/Furan (D/F) Program.
Vinyl Chloride Producers to Smith, M.T. Feb. 9, 2007. Memo: US "Vinyl Chloride Producers" ("VCP") Proposed Voluntary Alternative to Dioxin/Furan (D/F) ELG for CCH Manufacturing Sites. EPA-HQ-OW-2005-0012.
Vinyl Institute 2011. The Vinyl Chloride Producers Report to EPA on Voluntary Alternative Dioxin/Furan (D/F) Program.
Vinyl Institute 2002. The Vinyl Institute Dioxin Characterization Program. Final Report.
Zennegg, M., Schmid, P., Tremp, J. 2010. PCB fish contamination in Swiss rivers – Tracing of point sources. Organohalogen Compounds 72: 362-365.
Zennegg, M., Yu, X., Wong, M.H., Weber, R. 2009. Fingerprints of chlorinated, brominated and mixed halogenated dioxins at two e-waste recycling sites in Guiyu/China. Organohalogen Compounds 71: 2263-2267.
Zhang, T., Fiedler, H., Yu, G., Solorzano Ochoa, G., Marklund, S., Gullett, B., Touati, A., Carroll W.F. 2011. Emissions of Unintentional Persistent Organic Pollutants from Field Open Burning of Municipal Solid Waste from Developing Countries: A Case Study in China and Mexico. Chemosphere 84: 994–1001.
Zhang, T., Yu, G., Wang, B., Fiedler, H., Huang, J., Deng, S. 2009. Bioanalytical characterization of dioxin-like activity in sewage sludge from Beijing, China. Chemosphere 75: 649–653.
Zhang, Q., Xu, Y., Wu, W., Xiao, M., Feng, L., Schramm, K.-W., Kettrup, A. 2000. PCDDs and PCDFs in the Wastewater from Chinese Pulp and Paper Industry Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 64: 368-371.
Zheng, W. et al. 2011. Systematic review of pentachlorophenol occurrence in the environment and in humans in China: Not a negligible health risk due to the re-emergence of schistosomiasis. Environment International 42: 105–116.
Zheng, G., Leung, A., Jiao, L., Wong, M. 2008. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans pollution in China: Sources, environmental levels and potential human health impacts. Environment International 34: 1050-1061.
Zheng, M.-H., Bao, Z.-C., Zhang, B., Xu, X.-B. 2001. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Paper Making from a Pulp Mill in China. Chemosphere 44: 1335-1337.
Zheng, M., Liu, P., Bad, Z., Xu, X. 1999. Aspects of formation and degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Chinese Science Bulletin 44: 1249–1257.
Zheng, M.-H., Bao, Z.-C., Wang, K.-O., Xu, X.-B. 1997. Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in the Bleached Pulp from Chinese Pulp and Paper Industry. Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 59: 90-93.
Wagenaar, H., Langeland, K., Hardman, R., Sergeant, Y., Brenner, K., Sandra, P., Rappe, C., Fernandes, A., Tiernan, T. 1998. Analysis of PCDDs and PCDFs in Virgin Suspension PVC Resin. Chemosphere 36 : 1-12.
Wakimoto, T., Kannan, N., Ono, M., Tatsukawa, R., Masuda, Y. 1988. Isomer specific determination of polychlorinated dibenzofurans in Japanese and American polychlorinated biphenyls. Chemosphere 4: 743–750.
Walsh, P.J., Brimblecombe, P., Creaser, R.W., and Olphert, R. 1994. Biomass burning and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins & furans in soil. Organohalogen Compounds 20: 283-287.
Wang, J.B., Hung, C.H., Hung, C.H., Chang-Chien, G.P. 2009. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran emissions from an industrial park clustered with metallurgical industries. J Hazard Mater. 161(2-3): 800-807.
Wasson, S.J., Linak, W.P., Gullett, B.K., King, C.J., Touati, A., Huggins, F.E., Chen, Y., Shah, N., Huffman, G.P. 2005. Emissions of chromium, copper, arsenic, and PCDDs/Fs from open burning of CCA-treated wood. Environ Sci Technol. 39(22): 8865-76.
Watson, A. 2001. Comments on the “Report on the analysis of PCDD/PCDF and Heavy Metals in Soil and Egg samples related to the Byker incinerator” http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/files/pdfs/migrated/MultimediaFiles/Live/FullReport/3188.pdf
Weber, R., Varbelow, H.G. 2012. The Dioxin/POPs legacy of pesticide production in Hamburg: Part 1 Securing of the production area. Env Sci Pollut Res. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1011-0
Weber, R., Watson, A., Forter, M., Oliaei, F. 2011a. Persistent Organic Pollutants and Landfills - A Review of Past Experiences and Future Challenges. Waste Management & Research 29(1): 107-121.
Weber, R., Watson, A., Malkov, M., Costner, P., Vijgen, J. 2011b. Unintentionally produced hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene POPs waste from solvent production – the need to establish emission factors and inventories. Organohalogen Compounds 73: 2205-2208.
Weber, R., Tysklind, M., Gaus, C. 2008a. Dioxin – Contemporary and Future Challenges of Historical Legacies. Env Sci Pollut Res 15: 96–100.
Weber, R., Gaus, C., Tysklind, M., Johnston, P., Forter, M., Hollert, H., Heinisch, H., Holoubek, I., Lloyd-Smith, M., Masunaga, S., Moccarelli, P., Santillo, D., Seike, N., Symons, R., Torres, J.P.M., Verta, M., Varbelow, G., Vijgen, J., Watson, A., Costner, P., Wölz, J., Wycisk, P., Zennegg, M. 2008b. Dioxin- and POP-contaminated sites—contemporary and future relevance and challenges. Env Sci Pollut Res 15: 363-393.
Weber, R. 2007. Relevance of PCDD/PCDF Formation for the Evaluation of POPs Destruction Technologies – Review on Current Status and Assessment Gaps. Chemosphere, 67: 109-117.
Weber, R., Masunaga, S. 2005. PCDD/PCDF contamination from historical pesticide use and production – a case study using data from Japan and Germany. International HCH and Pesticides Forum, 26-28 May 2005, Sofia, Bulgaria risk.kan.ynu.ac.jp/masunaga/8thHCH_FORUM_Weber%20%20Masunaga.pdf
WEC 2004. World Energy Council, London. Information on oil shale accessed in September 2004 at http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-geis/publications/reports/ser/shale/shale.asp
Weiss, L., Kandle, M. to Lewis, S. 14 Apr 2006. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Manufacturing Segment Description.
Wenborn, M., King, K., Buckley-Golder, D., Gascon, J. 1999. Releases of Dioxins and Furans to Land and Water in Europe. Final Report. Report produced for Landesumwaltamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany on behalf of European Commission DG Environment.
Wichmann, H., Lorenz, W., Bahadir, M. 1995. Release of PCDD/F and PAH during Vehicle Fires in Traffic Tunnels. Chemosphere 31: 2755-2766.
Wilken, M., Neugebauer, F., Fabarius, G., Zeschmar-Lahl, B., Jager, J. 1992. PCDD/PCDF Contamination of Different Pesticides Produced in Former GDR. Chemosphere 25: 1525-1531.
Williams, D. et al. 1992. Polychlorodibenzodioxins and polychlorodibenzofurans in dioxazine dyes and pigments. Chemosphere 24: 169-180.
Willis, J. 2000. PCB Inventories: Approaches to Compiling Inventories of PCBs, PCB-Containing Equipment. Proceedings of the Subregional Workshop on Identification and Management of Dioxins/Furans and PCBs, Seoul, Republic of Korea, July 24–28, 2000. UNEP Chemicals, Geneva, pp. 95–120.
Wilson, C., Bodnar, J., Brown, B., Morgan, W., Potts, R., Borgerding, M. 2008. Assessment of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in mainstream smoke from selected US cigarette brands and reference cigarettes. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46: 1721–1733.
Woolson, E. , Thomas, R., Ensor, P. 1972. Survey of Polychlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Content in Selected Pesticides. J. Agric. Food Chem. 20(2): 351-354.
Wong, M.H., Wu, S.C., Deng, W.J., Yu, X.Z., Luo, Q., Leung, A.O.W., Wong, C.S.C., Luksemburg, W.J., Wong, A.S. 2007. Export of toxic chemicals - A review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling. Environmental Pollution 149: 131-140.
Wright, D. 1996. Regulating Agricultural Utilization of Solid Wastes in Maine. Sludge and Residuals Utilization Unit, Division of Solid Waste, BRWM, Maine Department of Environmental Protection.
Wu, W.Z. 1999. Environmental Behavior and Ecotoxicological Impact of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Wildlife, with Special Emphasis on the Aquatic Ecosystem. Doctoral Thesis, Technical University Munich, Herbert Utz Verlag Wissenschaft.
Wunderli, S., Zennegg, M., Dolezal, I.S., Noger, D., Hasler P. 1996. Levels and Congener Pattern of PCDD/PCDF in Fly and Bottom Ash from Waste Wood and Natural Wood Burned in Small to Medium Sized Wood Firing Facilities in Switzerland. Organohalogen Compd. 27: 231-236.
Xu, Y., et al. 2000. Patterns and levels of PCDD/F in a Chinese graphite electrode sludge. Chinese Science Bulletin 45: 1471-1476.
Yang, J., Seo, J., Shin, J.H., Ahn, Y.G., Lee, D.W., Hong, J. 2004. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from food salt samples processed by heat treatment in Korea. Chemosphere 54: 1451–1457.
Yoshikawa, K., Urabe, S., Matsufuji, Y., Sato, T. 1999. Field survey on the concentration of dioxins in landfill leachate in Japan. Proceedings 7th International waste management and landfill symposium, Sardinia, pp. 384-390.
Yu, X., Zennegg, M., Engwall, M., Rotander, A., Larsson, M., Wong, M. H., Weber, R. 2008. E-waste recycling heavily contaminates a Chinese city with chlorinated, brominated and mixed-halogenated dioxins. Organohalogen Compounds 70: 813-817.
Yu, B.W., Jin, G.Z., Moon, Y.H., Kim, M.K., Kyoung, J.D., Chang, Y.S. 2006. Emission of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from metallurgy industries in S. Korea. Chemosphere 62(3): 494-501.
